Description
Basilica Cistern, known in Turkish as "Yerebatan Sarnıcı" or "Sunken Cistern," is one of the most fascinating historical sites in Istanbul, Turkey. This ancient underground water reservoir is located in the historical peninsula of the city, close to famous landmarks such as Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque.
History: The Basilica Cistern was built during the reign of Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century AD, around 532-542. It was designed to provide water for the Great Palace and other buildings in the area. The cistern is named "Basilica" because it was constructed beneath a large public square, known as the Stoa Basilica.
Architecture: The cistern is an incredible example of Byzantine engineering. It covers an expansive area of about 9,800 square meters and can hold up to 80,000 cubic meters of water. The structure consists of a vast underground chamber supported by 336 marble columns, arranged in 12 rows of 28 columns each. Many of these columns were recycled from earlier buildings, adding to the cistern's historical richness.
Notable Features:
Medusa Heads: Two Medusa heads, one upside down and the other sideways, are used as column bases in the northwest corner of the cistern. The origin of these heads is unknown, and their placement has sparked various theories and legends.
Column Varieties: The columns in the cistern display various architectural styles, showcasing the reuse of materials from different periods. Some are Ionic and Doric, while others have ornate capitals.
The Hen's Eye Column: One column stands out due to a noticeable depression on its surface, resembling an eye. This feature has led to the nickname "The Hen's Eye Column."
Visiting the Basilica Cistern: Today, the Basilica Cistern is open to the public and is a popular tourist attraction. Visitors can stroll along the raised platforms and observe the mystical atmosphere created by the dim lighting and the water reflections. The cistern often hosts art events and performances, adding to its allure.
The Basilica Cistern is not only a remarkable engineering achievement but also a captivating piece of Istanbul's history that allows visitors to step back in time to the grandeur of the Byzantine era.
